Topics and Subtopics in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 Evolution:
| Section Name | Topic Name |
| 7 | Evolution |
| 7.1 | Origin of Life |
| 7.2 | Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory |
| 7.3 | What are the Evidences for Evolution? |
| 7.4 | What is Adaptive Radiation? |
| 7.5 | Biological Evolution |
| 7.6 | Mechanism of Evolution |
| 7.7 | Hardy – Weinberg Principle |
| 7.8 | A Brief Account of Evolution |
| 7.9 | Origin and Evolution of Man |
| 7.10 | Summary |
QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED
Evolution Chapter Class 12 NCERT Q1.Explain antibiotic, resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory.
Ans. According to Darwin, environment selects organisms with favourable variations and these organisms are allowed to survive. When a bacterial population encounters a particular antibiotic, those sensitive to it die. But some bacteria having mutations become resistant to the antibiotic. Such resistant bacteria survive and multiply quickly as the competing bacteria have died. Some the resistance providing genes become widespread and entire bacterial population becomes resistant.
Evolution Class 12 NCERT Solutions Q2.Find out from newspapers and popular science articles any new fossil discoveries or controversies about evolution.
Ans. Chimps are more evolved than humans (The Times of India):
Chimpanzees are more evolved than humans, a study suggests. There is no doubt that humans are the more advanced species. But a comparison of 14,000 human and chimpanzee genes shows the forces of natural selection have and the greatest impact on our ape cousins.
The researchers’ discovery challenges the common assumption that our large brains and high intelligence were the gifts of natural selection. Humans and chimps followed different evolutionary paths from a common ape ancestor about 5 million years ago. Both underwent changes as the fittest survived to pass their genes on to future generations. But the US study shows that humans possess a ‘substantially smaller’ number of positively-selected genes than chimps.
Chapter 7 Biology Class 12 NCERT Solutions Q3. Attempt giving a clear definition of the term species.
Ans. Species is population or group of individuals that have potential of interbreeding and are able to produce viable, fertile young ones but are reproductively isolated from members of other species.
Evolution NCERT Solutions Q4.Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference, etc.)
Ans.
Dietary preference:
Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus — herbivores Australopithecus Africans, Homo Carnivores habilis
Homo erectus, Homo sapinens — Omnivores
Evolution NCERT Solutions Class 12 Q5.Find out through internet and popular science articles whether animals other than man has self-consciousness.
Ans. Recent studies on self consciousness says gibbons are the nearest to human in this respect. Apes and orangutans came next. Among domestic animals, dog and other members of canidae family show subtle self consciousness.
Evolution NCERT Q6.List 10 modern-day animals and using the” internet resources link it to a corresponding ancient fossil. Name both.
Ans. (i) Cockroach, Limulus (king crab), Neopilina, Latimaria (Fish) are fossil that has remain unchanged over years.
(ii)’Trilobites- fossil arthropods
(iii)Lung fishes – connecting link between fishes and amphibians
(iv)Peripatus – connecting link between annelids and arthropods .
(v) Woody mammoth – ice fossils
(vi)Gastropods – mould and cast fossil
(vii)Giant elk – amber fossil of asphalt
(viii)Dinosaur footprint – imprints
NCERT Solutions of Evolution Class 12 Q7. Practise drawing various animals and plants.
Ans.(1)Eliphant
(2)Camel
(3)Dog
(4)Rose
(5)Dahlia
(6)hibiscus
Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 NCERT Solutions Q8.Describe one example of adaptive radiation.
Ans.Darwin’s finches of the Galapagos islands had common ancestors but now have different types of modified beaks according to their food habits.
Evolution Questions And Answers Class 12 Q9.Can we call human evolution as adaptive radiation?
Ans.Yes, human evolution is an example of adaptive radiation as different species of human evolved across different areas of world as they diverged to different areas in following fashion.
(i)Hominid introduction occured in Africa and Asia:
(ii)Homo habilis lived in Africa – 2 million years ago.
(iii)Homo erectus- migrated to Asia and Europe and diverged into 2 species – Java Man and Peking Man.
(iv)Similarly Homo erectus – was followed by Homo sapiens.
(v)Primitive neanderthal man in Europe gave way to African cromagnon.
Evolution Class 12 NCERT Q10.Using various resources such as your school library or the internet and discussions with your teacher, trace the evolutionary stages of any one animal say horse.
Ans.Evolutionary stages of horse:
Eohippus – Mesohippus – Merychippus – Pliohippus – Equus.
Evolutionary trend:
(i)Increase in body size.
(ii)Elongation of neck.
(iii)Lengthening of limbs.
(iv)Enlargement of third digit.
(v)Increase in structural complexity of teeth for feeding on grass.
